1. What is this Calculator?

This calculator compares the annual operating costs of heat pumps versus furnaces based on your local energy rates, system efficiencies, and heating requirements. It helps determine which system would be more cost-effective for your home.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator performs the following calculations:

Where:

• Heat Load — Your home's heating requirement in kilowatts (kW)
• Heating Hours — Annual hours your system operates
• COP — Heat pump efficiency (Coefficient of Performance)
• AFUE — Furnace efficiency (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency)
• 29.3 — Conversion factor (1 therm = 29.3 kWh)

3. Understanding the Inputs

Electricity Rate: Your cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh) from your utility bill
Natural Gas Rate: Your cost per therm from your utility bill
COP: Typically 2.5-4.0 for heat pumps (higher is more efficient)
AFUE: Modern furnaces range from 80%-98% efficiency
Heating Hours: Varies by climate (1500-3000 hours/year typical)
Heat Load: Size of system needed (3-5 kW for average home)

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: For accurate results, use actual rates from your utility bills. If unsure about your heat load, consult an HVAC professional for a Manual J calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Which is generally cheaper to operate?
A: It depends on local energy prices. Heat pumps are often cheaper in mild climates with moderate electricity prices, while furnaces may be cheaper in very cold climates with low gas prices.

Q2: What's the difference between COP and AFUE?
A: COP measures how many units of heat a heat pump produces per unit of electricity (e.g., COP 3 = 300% efficient). AFUE measures what percentage of fuel energy becomes heat (e.g., 95% AFUE means 5% is lost).

Q3: Should I consider other factors besides cost?
A: Yes - consider installation costs, maintenance, climate suitability, environmental impact, and whether you need cooling (heat pumps provide both heating and cooling).

Q4: How does climate affect the comparison?
A: Heat pumps become less efficient in very cold temperatures (below freezing), often requiring supplemental heat which increases costs.

Q5: Are there rebates available?
A: Many areas offer rebates for high-efficiency heat pumps or furnaces - check with your utility and local government.